common gas filled cylinders:

table 1: quick reference guide: sizing by cylinder diameter

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table 2: sealing cap guide: type and energy needed

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diagram 1	explanation 1
	these are examples of some sealing caps, which are available to close off the end of a gas filled cylinder. we offer technical support to assist you in the proper selection of these options.
diagram 2	explanation 2
	this cylinder is fitted with an innovative break off tip (bot) sealing cap. applications requiring low work energy to release the gas can benefit from our technology. it is not for everyone though, as special care and handling is required due to the sensitive nature of this gas release mechanism.

table 3: quick reference guide: gases, grades and relationships

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this table is a reference guide to help you think about the type of gas you may require. we offer virtually any gas or blend there is; but generally, not toxic gases, as we place the safety of our employees (and you) as a high priority. please contact us for detailed information about a specific cylinder, as there are many factors that affect the quantity and pressure of the stored gas in our cylinders.

piercing pins and unique cylinder attachments

diagram 3	puncture pin explanation	diagram 4
	the shape and style of a puncture pin relates to its intended use. diagram 3 shows a typical life jacket style pin where the user will advance the pin into the puncture cap. diagram 4 shows what a puncture pin should look like if the cylinder is advanced onto the pin. a seal is required in both situations to prevent gas leakage.
diagram 5	cylinder attachment	diagram 6
	the most common method to attach the cylinder is by means of a thread. the advancing cylinder strikes the puncture pin shown in diagram 6. another method used in the life jacket industry is a bayonet fitting attached to the threaded end. bayonets allow quick and positive engagement as shown in diagram 5. the ergonomics of your product will be important design input criteria for the cylinder and how the user is expected to replace it.

mini cartridges

leland brings to the design table miniaturized gas filled cartridges with an indefinite storage life. these cartridges, as small as 1" long, can have stored pressures up to 3000 psi. they are quite efficiently made and millions are kept in stock at any given time. many types of gases can be used. regulators and control valves are typically available for most applications. the cartridges are puncturable and when welded closed, provide an extremely reliable and unique way to store energy.

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mini cartridges are defined as a pressure vessel with an internal water capacity less than 9cc. filling pressures may be achieved of up to 4,000 psi under certain circumstances.

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current outside diameter is 0.375” and lengths from 1.00" to 1.77" are standard. all mini cartridges are puncturable. the pierce force is <160nf using a 2.1mm diameter puncture pin. although the ‘work’ curves are not shown here, they are consistent from lot to lot. both pad printing and dot matrix printing methods have been used to mark these cylinders

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the cap in this example released from water pressure of 12,000psi. (hydrostatic)

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the table below shows most of the mini cartridges stocked at out south plainfield facility. mass production pricing is quoted directly based on many parameters. in most instances, samples can be procured for a nominal cost.

large dot cylinders

leland now offers a large range of puncture type welded closed gas filled cylinders to north america. these large cylinders begin at 86g co₂ fill and go all the way to 440g. the puncturable ends are threaded to 1/2-20unf2a to allow use with standard life jacket style inflators. manual and auto inflators easily puncture these cylinders

mini-life rafts for the us army, uscg and us navy are just one use where a welded closed zero leakage gas filled cylinder is specified. excessive g loads, shock, and harsh salt environments are the standard criteria for these dot approved pressure vessels. although they meet the refillable safety standards as well, the "disposable" dot approval is an economic advantage to the oem, allowing new and useful products to hit the streets at a lower per unit cost with the reduction of complicated valves, hydrostatic tests, etc.

verification of gas charge is easily accomplished by weighing the cylinder and comparing the indicated weight to the actual. welded closed cylinders are a reliable energy source, recorded periodic inspection is important as a further step to provide a statistical representation of quality to the end user.

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the us dot has approved a higher filling ratio of co2 for life raft inflation to meet the requirement of the new us navy and usaf requirements for one and two man inflatable life rafts. the new programs will also feed the interest of the commercial and recreational fishing markets as small lightweight and affordable life rafts can go into service for many years without requiring a bottle change. the key advantage of the small life raft is that it gets the person out of the cold water which significantly increases the chance of survival. specific data regarding the restrictions of these 75% fill ratio cylinders can be viewed here. leland can also fill with high pressure n2 for cold applications. recent developments in material have also lead to a thinner wall thickness, from 3.0mm down to 2.5mm. not only is there a savings in weight, but there is the increased inside capacity as well. operating with three diameters of large cylinders allows many opportunities to design cylinders in custom lengths to meet specific product envelopes.

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specifications
this entire line of gas filled cylinders meet and exceed all of the requirements of the united states department of transportation as: dot 39, nrc, (non refillable container)
dot approval doc for 75% filling ratio

they are approved for all modes of transportation and are considered hazardous material when transported by ground, air, or sea. other sizes are available as well as filling with any non toxic, non flammable gas. some oxidizer gases cannot be welded in. usually, we can fill to pressures up to 2750 psi max. please call our technical sales department.

zero leakage
these types of cylinders, welded closed, are mission specific in that they will contain 100% of the energy originally filled. operating ranges of 0锟絝 to 140锟絝 are easily accomplished.

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